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What is the difference between On-Chain and Off-Chain?

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Here we inform you about the difference between On-Chain and Off-Chain :

  • On-Chain
    Definition: Refers to all transactions and data recorded directly on the blockchain.
    Transparency: Data is publicly accessible and verifiable by all network participants.
    Security: Data is immutable (cannot be changed or deleted), providing high integrity and trust.
    Speed and Fees: Transactions can be slower and fees higher, especially when the network is busy. Example: gas fees that increase on Ethereum when traffic is high.
    Usage Examples: Bitcoin transactions, token transfers on Ethereum, and voting in Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs).
  • Off-Chain
    Definition: Refers to transactions or data that occur outside of the blockchain.
    Transparency: Data may not be fully transparent and not accessible to the public.
    Security: Data that is not recorded on the blockchain may be more vulnerable to manipulation or errors.
    Speed and Cost: Transactions are usually faster and fees are lower as there is no need to wait for confirmation from the blockchain network.
    Usage Examples: Layer 2 solutions such as Lightning Network for Bitcoin, transactions on exchanges that are not directly recorded on the blockchain, or data management in centralized systems.

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